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Lovecraft has taken a lot of criticism over the years for the name he gave to the author of the Necronomicon. Sure, it does not follow actual Arab naming convention (the -el suffix and the Al- prefix are redundant for example), but a quick look at Latinized names of other Muslim figures shows a similar disregard. I have heard a number of origin stories going all the way back to Lovecraft's childhood, and while they are interesting ("all-has-read" being particularly clever), I feel he probably was inspired by the name Shahrazad  from his beloved copy of Arabian Nights Entertainments. 

In my research just now I stumbled across this fascinating fellow who not only shares the first five letters with Alhazred's name, but authored books while feigning madness! Could Lovecraft have known of him? I don't know, but the coincidence was too good not to share.

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Alhazen

Lived c. 965 - c. 1040 AD Alhazen was a polymath; the author of 90 works on topics as diverse as optics, vision, number theory, geometry, theology, astronomy, poetry, healing, and metaphysics. Many of his works, including the highly influential Book of Optics, were authored while he feigned madness to escape the wrath of Cairo's caliph.

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Anonymous

I have always thought that Al-Hazred is related to the old Providence family name "Hazard". In fact I used to live on Hazard Avenue when I was in High School, and I know one from College. I have a vague memory of maybe seeing a reference to this in some older Arkham House publication, but it may just have been a pet theory of mine. The Shahrazad idea also makes a great deal of sense, as he did invent the name as a child, after reading the 1001 Nights. I agree that the mistake in the name could easily have been made by translators long ago.