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Androgen Receptors (AR) - The main determinant of progress (Patreon)

Published:
2020-09-25 14:02:45
Edited:
2025-08-05 15:41:24
Imported:
2026-06
Tags:

Content

We all likely know someone who frequently goes the gym, maintains a healthy diet, and has extensive knowledge about lifting and bodybuilding but still appears weak and makes little progress even after years of training. They might even be using AAS, but all it does to their body is back acne with little factual benefits. Unless they are competing in a sport where muscle development and strength are unimportant, we may attribute their lack of progress to "poor genetics." However, what does it really mean to have these so-called "bad genes"?

"Bad genes" - under this phrase, are hidden diverse factors:> low expression of genes, which are responsible for muscle growth, e.g., 582Ser or high expression of genes responsible for, i.a., myostatin secretion like MSTN (read more about genes in sport in the following article: https://www.patreon.com/posts/age-of-gene-role-36882973> high cortisol and low secretion of androgens (which may be regulated via i.a., lifestyle and diet)> low response of androgen receptors in muscles and bones (due to their low sensitivity, density / quantity in the muscle tissue)

ANDROGEN RECEPTORS (AR) - belongs to the group of nuclear receptors (ligand-responsive transcription regulators family) that are activated by binding with any of the androgenic hormones (testosterone, DHT, DHEA, and their derivatives). It means that every time one of the androgenic hormones binds to the receptor, it becomes activated and translocated to the hormones-responsive part located in the nucleus (illustrated in the picture below)

The entire process results in up/down-regulation of specific gene transcription. It means that at this moment, it becomes possible to induce all of the effects associated with masculinization, so response to androgens, e.g., production of proteins responsible for muscle growth (indirectly improved synthesis), increased IGF-1 production, body hair growth, etc.

THE LOCATION OF ANDROGEN RECEPTORS

Androgen receptors are located in the tissues of the whole body (bone / muscle / skin / hair / fat tissue / testes / prostate / brain) and therefore have a vast influence on the entire organism (immune / cardiovascular / nervous / reproductive system / cognition) and will also be related to the occurrence of i.a. acne, balding, or enlarged prostate gland.

The fact that ARs are located around the whole body with diverse density and in various quantity determines which tissue will respond to their activity.

A person with more ARs in the muscle tissue will progress much faster and easier than someone with a low quantity of ARs in the muscle tissue. If someone has more of highly responsive ARs in skin tissue he will be much more prone i.a. skin disorders, e.g., acne or skin tumor.

Many ARs are often located on deltoid muscles. Therefore, a person highly responsive to androgens will often have well-defined, rounded delts (even without training regularly). Also, most athletes who use AAS (anabolic-androgenic steroids) will first notice rapid changes in this body part.

THE SENSITIVITY OF ANDROGEN RECEPTORS

The second primary determinant of how efficiently ARs respond is their sensitivity. The N-terminal domain, which is essential for the proper functioning of AR, can be arranged in several combinations in various length. It depends on the trinucleotide - CAG (cytosine, adenine, guanine). This CAG combination is usually repeated 11 up to 33 times - The shorter it is, the faster information can be transferred (between androgen and DNA)  and with higher precision. The more this sequence is repeated, the slower information pieces will be transferred, and the worse result will be obtained.

Worth knowing: men with low sensitivity of their androgen receptors (so a high amount of CAG repetitions) will have low testosterone symptoms, i.a.: infertility, low bone mineralization, insulin resistance, worsened well-being (prone to depression), higher body fat. On the other hand, men with highly sensitized androgen receptors may be inclined to balding, more aggressive, or have a low HDL level.

These two factors: density and sensitivity, will determine how a person reacts to androgens activity (including hormonal doping) and how fast they progress (in the context of sport). It can be easily noticed if you know two guys who are "on gear" (even better if they inject the same agents of the same brand, e.g., 500mg of testosterone cypionate per week). One of them can progress twice or even faster than the other while being on the same caloric surplus and performing the same well-planned training.

AFFINITY TO ANDROGEN RECEPTORS

Androgens have various affinities to androgen receptors. What does it mean?

[analogy] Imagine that you are playing darts, and your nickname is Testosterone (androgen). You have one dart (affinity), and are trying to hit the bullseye (androgen receptor). When you hit it, you receive 50 points (the strength of the androgenic effect). Unluckily, your opponent is the famous Trenbolone (androgen). He has 5 darts (affinity), and every time he hits the bullseye (androgen receptor), he receives 250 points (the strength of the androgenic effect)... quite unfair, isn't it?

That is how affinity works. The higher affinity of androgen, the higher chance that it will join to a particular androgen receptor (the more darts / more shots you have). The higher its anabolic-androgenic potential (the more points you get), the stronger effects it induces whenever it activates the receptor (hit bullseye).

Following the example - The higher sensitivity of androgen receptors, the bigger the bullseye is. The highest density, the more bullseyes can be found on a dartboard (correct, in this beta game, there can be more of them). Therefore, if the bullseye is small, and is only a single one located in the middle of the dart board, even a great player like Trenbolone will have a hard time hitting it despite having many darts.

^    ^     ^   ^

If you have trouble understanding the scientific terms, read the above analogy starting with "Imagine." 

I tried to provide as brief explanation as I could. After reading the whole article, I hope that it is in 95% clear how ARs work and why they determine the progress in sports. If you have questions, freely ask me in the comment section.

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Comments

TheOldCoffinSpirit

Hello BN, got a couple of androgens related questions that i had scattered in my notes but decided to gather them up and ask. 1.) If Unshakeable on a scale of 1 to 10 ( 1 being the weakest and 10 being the strongest ) in terms brain AR boosting is a 10/10 , what would you say Brainiac is on that scale ( i am thinking like an 8 maybe ) ? 2.) Which premium Gumroad program of yours provides the strongest androgenic dopaminergic energy perception having a person with average overall AR expression in mind ? 3.) On Androgenic Mindset program's description it was stated ( but not anymore with the updated program's description ) that it affects muscle and bone AR to a lesser extent. Did you discover that not being true anymore so decided to remove it from the program's description ? If it is true then does Unshakeable which covers the mechanisms of Androgenic Mindset have a similar quality ? 4.) What are the most important ARs expression for androgenic dopaminergic energy perception after brain ARs ? 5.) Can it be a bad idea for someone with weak overall AR expression to use MC (in case the increased amount of androgens don't have ARs to lock in and ultimately get converted to estrogen or something else negative occurs ) ? 6.) Can raised ( free ) Test and DHT levels ( for example from MC ) boost overall AR expression or in specific areas of the body like muscles and brain etc ? 7.) Do GH and AR receptors numbers throughout the body always remain ( for example if you have boosted the muscle and bone ones with GG ) or can their number decrease as well according to lifestyle and age etc aside from their sensitivity that can decrease ? 8.) Are muscle and bone ARs the largest " storage " of ARs in the body and if that is true does that mean that someone with weak muscle and bone AR expression could be heavily negatively affected overall ? 9.) Which ARs does ejaculation most negatively affect ? 10.) Are fat tissue ARs only ( properly ) covered by global AR affecting programs like FSARV2 or for example does GG act on them as well to a good extent ? Same question for apocrine and eccrine sweat glands ARs. 11.) Does FSARV2 also affect skin AR and if it does could it clash with MC which also acts on skin AR ( meaning for example if FSARV2 could boost skin ARs for body hair growth on triceps and biceps which MC doesn't directly do because Androgenic Hair doesn't do that from which MC is based upon for those related mechanisms, or in general could FSARV2 like cause more acne and oily skin if it indeed acts on skin ARs when MC tries to prevent that, so meaning that ultimately there could be a clash there ) ? 12.) Both GG and FSARV2 contain the following mechanism responsible for AR sensitivity : - precision of information transfer between CAGs , but GG mainly focuses on muscle and bone AR. Does that mean that GG boosts precision of information transfer between CAGs only for muscle and bone ARs or does it boost it for all ARs ? 13.) You have mentioned that DHT is accepted as having an anabolic to androgenic ratio of 100/150 and has 3x affinity while testosterone has 100/100 and only 1x affinity. Does that mean that ultimately DHT counts as having 300/450 anabolic to androgenic potential while testosterone only 100/100 ? Also you had mentioned in another answer that NPP is largely unrestricted by SHBG, therefore more of it can bind to the AR + is well-transducted by ARs in muscle tissues. Are the aforementioned two factors ( or similar factors ) that benefit NPP equal for test and DHT so meaning that DHT is the ultimate winner ? 14.) Can there be a point where all yours ARs throughout your body are occupied and there is no reason for further increment of the levels of androgens ? If yes does the body recognize that and compensate by not further increasing the androgens levels or some other action ? 15.) If one has optimally low SHBG levels and decent levels and receptors expression of the other important hormones ( prolactin/cortisol/estrogen/progesterone/tsh/t3/t4/gnrh/lh/fsh etc ) can that mean that his general testosterone and DHT levels on a blood test will be lower than expected because more of those two androgens will be free from SHBG binding on them and thus when when all ARs throughout the body are occupied there is no need for more androgens ( provided that the person doesn't have ridiculous overall ARs expression which could mean his ARs had enough storage for even higher levels of androgens ) ? 16.) On bloodwork general/free test/DHT and other hormones results, does the levels number also include hormones that are occupied in their corresponding receptors or just the ones that are roaming free on the bloodstream or maybe only the occupied ones ? 17.) Can MC and GG raise general cholesterol / LDL / triglycerides levels even if lifestyle factors remain completely unchanged before and after ? 18.) Is there an optimal general cholesterol + ldl + hdl + triglycerides level for brain health/androgens production/arterial plaque ? 19.) It is generally known that PUFAs reduce the levels of androgens and as you mentioned in one of your DHT articles as well they reduce DHT but omega 3 ( EPA/DHA ) are PUFAs as well and are considered to be very beneficial for brain,eye and heart health so do you think it's worth the trade off and that omega 3 EPA/DHA heavy foods or supplementation is worth it ? Thanks once more for your hard invaluable work !!!

BinauralNutrition

In the update, I included the "metaphorical darts example," which should make it simpler to understand the whole process.

Christian Okonye

What audio is best for prime AR, is it Androgen sensitivity and androgen reset.. when is best to listen to these, any other audios needed for prime AR?