Origins of ICE (E2) (Patreon)

The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency has become a huge problem under Trump, but what led us here? How did we end up with a network of concentration camps for migrants, extrajudicial disappearances, and outright murder? Julian Feeld and Jon Gabrus trace the United States’ relationship with immigration and deportation all the way back to the 19th century.

Go to patreon.com/superstructure to get a feed with double the episodes for just $5 a month.

Research and writing by Spencer Barrows and Grace Cathedral Park. Editing by Ty Wood. Theme song by Thiago França. Cover art by Ruben Gerard. Super Structure selection of the week is Khala My Friend by Amanaz.

Superstructurepodcast.com

Bibliography

The Deportation Machine by Adam Goodman

Everyone Who Is Here is Gone by Jonathan Blitzer

The Contrarian by Max Chafkin

The Migrant's Jail: An American History of Mass Incarceration by Brianna Nofil

Detention, deportation, devolution and immigrant incapacitation in the US, post 9/11 by Mathew Coleman and Austin Kocher

9/11 and the Transformation of U.S. Immigration Law and Policy by Deepa Iyer and Jayesh M. Rathod

https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/immigration-act-1882

https://www.vox.com/videos/479915/ice-history-video   

https://immigrationvisaattorney.com/what-do-dhs-uscis-cbp-and-ice-do/ 

https://immigrationhistory.org/item/page-act/ 

https://immigrationhistory.org/item/geary-act/