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Hi! I'm Arcadi, one of the illustrators here at MinuteEarth. Here's the thing: I LOVE to sneak in lil secrets in our videos, and my favorite way to do that is using Ithkuil, which is a made-up language that I took up a couple of years ago. Ithkuil was designed by John Quijada in an effort to minimize vagueness and convey the most amount of information in the densest way possible. Does it accomplish that? I wouldn't say so. But it sure is fun to work with it! To me, putting together a sentence is like solving a sudoku. You sit down, you rack your brain for 10-20 minutes, and then that's that!

On top of being lots of fun, its writing systems are really cool-looking and are, IMO, perfect for hiding secret messages in plain sight. In any case, for our most recent video about planet quakes, since we mention so many different planets and moons, I wanted to include an Ithkuil translation for all of them, for funsies. Thing is, there are no direct translations for non-Earth planets, so you basically have to come up with a workaround. Again, for funsies!

The cool part about Ithkuil is that you can take a root word, like "planet" and start adding modifiers to it. On top of that, you can make those modifiers change the core meaning of the word. For example, since Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun, I could translate Mercury as something like "THE first planet" (as in, the fact that it's the first, in terms of how the Solar System is arranged, is significant to the word; it's not just a random planet that just so happens to be going first).

We can do this for all our solar neighbors: Venus is "THE second planet", Mars is "THE fourth planet", and so on. For moons, you only have to double down on the concept: Europa can be "THE sixth moon of THE fifth planet". Pluto, no longer being a planet, makes matters complicated, but making things complicated is sorta Pluto's vibe.

This approach is very logical and hassle-free, but it's severely lacking in the whimsy department, so I decided to come up with more colorful translations for our planetary neighbors, describing them by some feature they have, rather than the way the Solar System happens to be arranged. Some translations are sorta basic (Mars is red, Jupiter is big, Mercury is small, Uranus is tilted), but others ended up being really interesting!

- Even though Mercury is closer to the Sun than Venus, Venus is actually hotter (on average) because of its thick atmosphere trapping all the heat from the Sun.

- Europa has the smoothest surface on any known solid object in the Solar System!

- Io is a weird moon: most moons in the outer Solar System are mostly made of water ice, but Io is made of rock, iron and sulfur! So I ended up translating it as "THE really dry moon" because of how little water it has. I guess I could've gone for "the ice-less moon" (or just go for "the really really volcanically active moon"), but that would've ended up being longer to write.

The original plan was for me to do some storyboards for the video and then let Sarah, our head illustrator, make it all look gorgeous and make a final version of the video, so I put together a translation guide so she could have something to reference and copy from, and even decide which school of translation to adhere to. Because of scheduling reasons though, I ended up doing the final drawings so this guide didn't get to serve its original purpose.

I wouldn't want for this thing to go to waste, so I decided to take this opportunity to nerd out about constructed languages and the stuff we throw into our videos just for fun! If you back and watch the video, you'll notice I ended up using the more colorful translations throughout the thing.

Anyway, class is dismissed! Hope y'all enjoyed this.

- arcadi

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Which Planet Has The Strongest Quakes?

Use code MINUTEEARTH at the link below and get 60% off an annual plan: https://incogni.com/MINUTEEARTH Earth might be the only planet with tectonic plates, but it is not the only one with quakes because quakes can be caused by a ton of different things in the solar system. LEARN MORE ************** To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: - Cryovolcano: the differential gravitational effects exerted by a celestial body (like the Moon or Sun) on different parts of a planet or object, causing it to stretch or bulge along the axis connecting the two bodies. - Helioseismology: the study of the Sun's interior structure and dynamics by analyzing the propagation of sound waves (or pressure waves) and oscillations on its surface. - Ring Seismology: a field that studies the internal structure and dynamics of planets by analyzing the waves and patterns observed in their ring systems, essentially using the rings as a ""seismograph"" to probe the planet's interior. - Tectonic Activity: the movement and interaction of the Earth's lithospheric plates, leading to geological phenomena like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain formation. - Tidal Forces: the differential gravitational effects exerted by a celestial body (like the Moon or Sun) on different parts of a planet or object, causing it to stretch or bulge along the axis connecting the two bodies. SUPPORT MINUTEEARTH ************************** If you like what we do, you can help us!: - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share this video with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) CREDITS ********* Cameron Duke | Script Writer, Narrator and Director Arcadi Garcia i Rius | Illustration, Video Editing and Animation Nathaniel Schroeder | Music MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info OUR STAFF ************ Lizah van der Aart • Sarah Berman • Cameron Duke Arcadi Garcia i Rius • David Goldenberg • Melissa Hayes Alex Reich • Henry Reich • Peter Reich Ever Salazar • Leonardo Souza • Kate Yoshida OUR LINKS ************ Youtube | https://youtube.com/MinuteEarth TikTok | https://tiktok.com/@minuteearth Twitter | https://twitter.com/MinuteEarth Instagram | https://instagram.com/minute_earth Facebook | https://facebook.com/Minuteearth Website | https://minuteearth.com Apple Podcasts| https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/minuteearth/id649211176 REFERENCES ************** “Apollo 11 Seismic Experiment - NASA Science.” https://science.nasa.gov/resource/apollo-11-seismic-experiment/ Cartier, Kimberly M. S. “Our Seismic Solar System.” Eos, 10 Sept. 2019, https://eos.org/articles/our-seismic-solar-system Giardini, D., et al. “The Seismicity of Mars.” Nature Geoscience, vol. 13, no. 3, 1 Mar. 2020, pp. 205–212, www.nature.com/articles/s41561-020-0539-8, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0539-8 “Helioseismology.” NSO - National Solar Observatory, 16 July 2018, https://nso.edu/research/helioseismology/ Kosovichev, A G, and V V Zharkova. “X-Ray Flare Sparks Quake inside Sun.” Nature, vol. 393, no. 6683, 1 May 1998, pp. 317–318, https://doi.org/10.1038/30629 Mankovich, Christopher R. “Saturn’s Rings as a Seismograph to Probe Saturn’s Internal Structure.” AGU Advances, vol. 1, no. 2, 12 May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019av000142 “Moonquakes - NASA Science.” Nasa.gov, 13 Nov. 2024, https://science.nasa.gov/moon/moonquakes/ “New Study: Earth Has Earthquakes; Mars Has “Marsquakes.”” https://www.science.vt.edu/research/around-the-college/marsquakes.html Scharping, Nathaniel. “Three Ways to Track Venusquakes, from Balloons to Satellites.” Eos, 26 Nov. 2024, https://eos.org/research-spotlights/three-ways-to-track-venusquakes-from-balloons-to-satellites Charles Q. Choi 26. “Mercuryquakes May Currently Shake up the Tiny Planet.” https://www.space.com/34199-earthquakes-rock-mercury-today.html “Volcanic Earthquake - an Overview | ScienceDirect Topics.” 2015, https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/volcanic-earthquake Wendel, JoAnna. “Ancient Impact’s Seismic Waves Reveal Pluto’s Ocean, Core.” Eos, 6 Apr. 2020, https://eos.org/articles/ancient-impacts-seismic-waves-reveal-plutos-ocean-core Zelst, Iris van, et al. “Estimates on the Possible Annual Seismicity of Venus.” Journal of Geophysical Research Planets, vol. 129, no. 7, 1 July 2024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023je008048

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