Hidden Figures: Nannie Helen Burroughs #BlackHERstoryMonth 22/28 (Patreon)
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Nannie Helen Burroughs (May 2, 1879 – May 20, 1961) was a Black American educator, orator, religious leader, civil rights activist, and businesswoman in the United States. She assisted thousands of Black American women in education and employment through her schools and organizations.
Nannie H. Burroughs was born on May 2, 1879 in Virginia, the eldest child of John and Jennie Burroughs. After her father’s death, in 1883, Burroughs & her mother relocated to D.C. In DC, Burroughs attended M Street High School, where she put together her first organization, the Harriet Beecher Stowe Literary Society. Upon graduating with honors in 1896, Burroughs sought work as a domestic-science teacher in the District of Columbia Public Schools, but was unable to find a position due to her race & social status. The experience would later inspire her to establish a training school for low-income & low social status Black women & girls.
Leaving DC to look for work, from 1898 to 1908 Burroughs was employed in Louisville, Kentucky as an editorial secretary and bookkeeper of the National Baptist Convention. Burroughs became a leader in the National Baptist Convention, helping to build the organization from the ground up after gaining fame and notoriety from a speech titled ‘How the Sisters Are Hindered from Helping,’ given in 1900 at a convention in Virginia. While in Louisville, she co-founded the Women's Industrial Club, which held domestic science & management courses and classes in typing, shorthand, bookkeeping, & sewing.
Returning to DC in 1908, Burroughs opened the National Training School at 601 50th St NE. The school provided evening classes for women who had no other means for education, taught by Burroughs herself. Burroughs eventually educated thousands of Black women from all over the nation during her lifetime. She sought to teach racial pride & work ethic, creating her own courses that focused on Black history, politics, organizing, and racism aid in addition to domestic work. Students were also trained in domestic science, business, sewing, printing, barbering, & shoe repair. During the first 40 years of the 20th century, the National Training School was hugely influential in the ability of Black American women to obtain a livelihood.
Her school & various organizations worked in tandem with the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) which was formed in 1896 and included more than 100 local Black women's clubs. Through her work with the NACW, in 1920, Burroughs also founded the National Association of Wage Earners (NAWE), a union for domestic workers. The NAWE pushed for better wages & working conditions for Black women, served as an employment agency for Black domestic workers, & also operated as a factory, hiring women to sew work dresses, caps, and aprons, which were sold through the mail.
Burroughs was active in many other women's clubs and organizations for Black advancement, including Daughters of the Round Table Clubs and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). On May 20, 1961, she passed away in Washington D.C. of natural causes. Three years after her death, the National Training School was renamed the Nannie Helen Burroughs School. In 1991, it was declared a National Historic Landmark.
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Links:
Civil Rights Tour: Education - Nannie Helen Burroughs: https://historicsites.dcpreservation.org/items/show/920
National Training School for Women and Girls/Nannie Helen Burroughs, African American Heritage Trail: https://www.culturaltourismdc.org/portal/national-training-school-for-women-and-girls/nannie-helen-burroughs-african-american-heritage-trail
NANNIE HELEN BURROUGHS (1883-1961): https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/burroughs-nannie-helen-1883-1961/
Burroughs, Nannie Helen (c. 1878–1961): https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/burroughs-nannie-helen-c-1878-1961
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