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France’s Pension Puzzle

A new Financial Times chart shows something unusual: in France, retirees now earn 5% more on average than working-age people. No other major country looks like this—Italy is roughly even, while the US, Germany, UK, and others are lower. At the bottom sits Australia, where retirees earn only about 75% of working-age incomes.

If this trend doesn’t improve, it will pit the “old” versus the “young” across the West.

It’s not sustainable for young people to pay into an entitlement system so older folks can live a better life than they can ever expect.

In other words, French pensioners are doing better than their own kids and grandkids, who fund the system through taxes and social contributions.

Why This Happens

France’s pensions cost 14% of GDP, one of the highest in the world. The reasons:

  • High payouts: pensions often replace half of pre-retirement income.

  • Early retirement: even with recent reforms, many leave the workforce younger than elsewhere.

  • Little means-testing: even wealthy retirees collect benefits.

On top of this, demographics make things worse: fewer workers now support more retirees. That math doesn’t work out.

The Intergenerational Clash

This is why France has seen huge protests. Younger workers pay about 25% of their salaries into the system but face:

  • Later retirement

  • Smaller benefits when their time comes.

  • Weak job prospects (youth unemployment near 17–20%).

  • Rising costs for housing and childcare. Sound familiar....

So young people are paying more for less, while current retirees live comfortably. Pension spending also crowds out investment in schools, infrastructure, or green tech that could help the next generation.

Political Tension

Macron’s 2023 reform sparked mass strikes and over a million protesters. Just last week, outgoing PM François Bayrou called out the unfairness directly: today’s workers pay for yesterday’s retirees, with little in return. Similar generational tensions are brewing in the UK, Germany, and beyond.

Without reform, France could face pension deficits of €15–20 billion per year by 2030. That means more debt, higher taxes, or inflation—again hitting the young hardest.

The Bitcoin Hedge

Here’s where Bitcoin enters the picture: pensions are promises in euros, which can be devalued by politics or demographics. Bitcoin, with its fixed supply, isn’t tied to any government.

For older generations with savings or home equity, putting even 5–10% into BTC could be a way to preserve wealth across generations. It’s not risk-free (volatility and regulation matter), but it’s a hedge against a pension system that looks shakier every year.

By the time I was 29 I had figured out for me 401k, Retirement plans were not for me as I could make more money outside of confined retirement options - ie shitty ETFs - NFA

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Comments

Skidmarks

In Australia the employer also contributes 10.5% on top of the employees salary into their superannuation fund, so while the pension is lower, most retirees have 500k plus in their superfund that can be accessed from about age 60, weather working or not

Elpilos

These people earned their pension by working and paying taxes,it is not about young vs old,it is about rich vs poor.i don't know too much about France but I bet the wages were stagnant

mr2j

Also France is known for effective protesting that shut down the country as soon as any benefits are threatened. So their government is more susceptible to pleasing people (a.k.a. more to everyone) than in other countries. I am not surprised.

PinkyBrain

My 2 year return in my brokerage= 188% (thanks to James) My two year return in my TSP, aka 401k= 44% (thanks to ETFs) James has a point at the end there

Johnny2coolforu

But all those retiree, life cycle will be shorter, and government can benefit by lower payouts as pensioners leave this world

Rob Kitchen

Hold on the current pensioners have paid in all their working life and are now claiming their input back. What's it to do with the current young work force.

RC76

It’s not the older generation that’s the problem it’s governments not ring fencing pension contributions. Now having to rob peter to pay paul. Dreadful economics imo.

Crypto Spidey

Because its a Ponzi scheme. Any money the (now) retirees paid into the pension fund is long gone and the treasury needs to be refilled by taxing all the new workers.

Theresa

That's nice everyone collects benefits instead of punishing those who work hard and save money. In the US when you retire & get Medicare they jack up the premiums for those who earned higher incomes even though they paid more into the system... It would be better if they didn't force us to take out Medicare & Social Security from each paycheck because it probably won't be there by the time we retire if the ponzi scheme collapses. They certainly haven't invested it well.

Pater Familias

I live in Italy and it is very sad to see. The elderly wealthy, swaggering about. The young anxious working for peanuts.

Ms Tarochi

Not to sound ageist, but this is happening in the UK as well. Pensioners get much quicker access to healthcare, far better services and benefits than hard working, exhausted stressed-out adults do. Our whole political system is built around their needs as they’re a massive percentage of the voters. While I appreciate the older generation deserve this level of care, so do the younger ones.