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Call for questions: REVOLUTIONS (Patreon)

Published:
2025-08-19 23:23:03
Imported:
2026-06

Content

I'm preparing for an interview with a prominent historian and sociologist who studies revolutions and I need your questions! We'll be talking political upheavals past, present, and future. The theories, the causes, the strategies of revolutions. The peaceful and the violent. The democratic and the authoritarian. Leave your questions in the comments.

Deadline: Friday, August 22 at 7pm PST

☮️ 🕊️ 💜

Comments

Emmett

Could you talk a little bit about the role that art plays in historical revolutions?

Aubrey Nelson

How on earth do we do a revolution currently? I feel like society and technology and just people tracking in general have made it almost impossible for people to fight back anymore.

Amy Arugula

Do general strikes work?

Chris Lipford

What’s the story of the first (known) event that’s considered to be a revolution?

Kristen Fuller

How often are people involved in a revolution aware that’s what’s happening as it happens?

Matt Ceccato

What are we talking about when we’re “talking about a revolution?”

Shawn Hebrank

If it’s Mike Duncan, this will be the best podcast episode of all time

Tommy McElrath

What will it take for America to have another revolution?

Zed Shirogane

What would be a revolution of the past that is the closest example to what is happening currently within the USA? I understand everything has its nuances and this may be an exceedingly difficult question but with constantly living through new “once in a lifetime” event every few years it is hard to find a decent example or reference point.

Chrysalis Ashton

Is the US “due” for one? Is that even feasible in this day and age?

Ashley K.

How do we start one. Period.

Amesia Doles

Is it already starting? It feels like maybe revolutions are a marathon not a race and what has been happening in LA is the beginning?

Emmett

What qualifies an event as a "revolution" as opposed to a movement?

Riley McInnis

I'm physically disabled so it's hard to Go Places to protest with any sort of confidence and this fills me with anxiety and shame! How can I be more helpful without needing to physically go somewhere but still be helpful?? I want to do more than talk and call my reps!!

Mykenzie King

I’ve been watching everything I can find on the American revolution and the civil war recently, given everything, so this comes at a perfect time. The sad part is, I don’t have any questions, I don’t even know what to ask.

Paige McLachlan

Are there any particular revolution songs this ologist likes?

Ella Sugerman

I've heard a "rule" about a percentage of the population that has to be involved to create a revolution, it was surprisingly small. Can the ologist please give their thoughts on this, how do we measure that number and what does it really mean to exceed it?

Dave Brewer

It sounds like a whisper

John Worster

What is the success rate of revolutions?

Hobbes

Should we...have one?

Diana Teeter

Is the country too divided to have a revolution? How much of a “shared reality” do you need for an uprising to happen?

Dani Kirby

I don’t know how to word this but here we go. What are the main types of scenarios we see historically where revolutions were successful? We see cases like WWII and the end to those tyrannical governments were caused by large-scale war. Were there large-scale attempts at revolution from the population of say WWII Germany and they just weren’t successful?

Manish Agarwal

This is my first ever Ologies question! Is it fair to say that we often don't see the society-wide results of revolutionary actions until a few years after they've happened? Thinking for example of the Stonewall riots and all the lesser-known LGBTQ insurrections that came before... 🏳️‍🌈✊🏾

Dylan V

Do peaceful ones work, and if so how? Can we implement those strategies currently or do they have to adapt for the current digital misinformation age?

Jeff Goodhartz

Throughout history, how does the percentage of revolutions against authoritarian dictatorships compare with the percentage of revolutions against liberal democracies?

Mollie

Oh this is so interesting!! How do we define when a revolution has began versus general social unrest/ resistance? Coversely, how do we know when a revolution has ended? Do we only really know from hindsight? Historically, what strategies and peaceful practices have been most effective in achieving a revolution goals?

Hailee Kirby

What would a modern revolution look like? Would the average person living during a revolution know they were in one?

Mark Rovner

How come so many revolutions start with moderates in power and then devolve into violent extremist regimes. I’m thinking Russia I’m thinking France. I’m thinking Iran.

Mark Rovner

I’m assuming there’s a difference between a revolution and a coup. Feels like what we are experiencing here in the United States is the latter.

Emily Akin

Does the speed of information online make today’s revolutions burn brighter but fizzle faster? In the past, pamphlets and newspapers spread revolutionary ideas, so would you consider TikTok and Twitter the modern-day equivalent?

LittleC PsyD

I have several questions about this 1. Max Weber theorized that revolutions occur to topple governments that no longer work. Revolution fosters in new exchanges of ideas and freedom, then to keep that feeling going rules get placed on it leading to bureaucracy ultimately ending up in a new government and the pattern repeats. Do modern theorists agree and is the USA due for revolution phase? 2. Do non-violent revolutions exist, and if so, do they result in real change? 3. What factors are necessary to be in place to create a revolution?

Shelah Morita

How has the pace and character of the dominant media affected the pace and character of revolutions, and what does that mean for today?

Hobbes

But also I am curious about how history is written about revolutions. Presumably, a revolution must be successful to be historically recorded in this light. How are attempted and failed revolutions recorded? Who writes the history?

Jacob Morvay

What about non-political revolutions like the sexual revolution? Is this limited to just revolutions against established governments or is it against anything established? What has been the history of societal revolutions?

Goo-ga-dee

I'm aware that debt jubilees were once used to stave off revolution. Are there any similarly dramatic interventions used more recently?

John Buchner

This question. Given the format, songs and revolution might be good. I’ve been listening to a lot of IWW songs and thinking how they were meant to be sing alongs to encourage community

Mason Hart

Theoretically, what is the most effective way to start a revolution in a modern country?

Reilly

Is there a general consensus on what the main things are that might push a country/culture/group to instigate a revolution? Or are they so widely varied through history that it could be anything? Also wondering if this is Mike Duncan being interviewed

Matt Hirschl

What are the most famous failed revolutions?

Aurora Sullivan

What would the Russian Revolution have looked like if Lenin had lived longer and Stalin didn't come to power?

Jacob Shepherd

Is it possible to have a revolution that isn’t full of blood and killing and violence? And how could we secure such a revolution..? Just theoretically

Quincey Robisheaux

I have so many questions, but I think the most important is: have you ever noticed a trend among the sparks that cause revolutions?

Jeff McKee

This is the one we are all thinking, right? "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it" It seems like this is one thing that almost all Americans would agree on - the current Government is broken beyond repair.

Waylo

What forces or effort is common to revolutions or major societal shifts? E.G. I believe it takes good writers, good orators, loyal soldiers/boots-on-the-ground workers, money and at least some people already in authority/power.

Kate Finnefrock

Based on past revolutions, is the US heading towards one? Some books I read like Ray Dalio’s The Changing World Order make it seem like we might be …

Mamabee & DadAussie

Warfare seems to have gone through big changes over time as technology has changed and society has become more immediately connected. Have revolutions had the same changes? Have they changed alongside warfare as it seems the two would be inextricably linked?

Jeff McKee

Isn't it true that the Founding Fathers envisioned a country where each generation would have their own revolution? Thomas Jefferson famously wrote: "What country before ever existed a century and half without a rebellion? And what country can preserve it’s liberties if their rulers are not warned from time to time that their people preserve the spirit of resistance? Let them take arms. The remedy is to set them right as to facts, pardon and pacify them. What signify a few lives lost in a century or two? The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants. It is it’s natural manure." It seems that, at least in Jefferson's opinion, we are all overdue for a revolution.

Nicky G

Tell us more about the concept of 3.5% of a population actively protesting to topple a fascist regime... Asking for... friends... and for science.

the ren you know

Kind of random but, why do we use the word "Revolution" to mean the forceful overthrowing of power? Is it symbolic- like the turning of a wheel, or a metaphor for things coming full circle?

Rachel Guthrie

Is a peaceful, non-violent revolution even possible? Things always seem to escalate and turn to violence

Guido

Does social media hinder revolutions? I feel like venting on twitter/BlueSky deprive us of the energy and motivation needed to get on the street to protest, organize and make real change

Ettegoom

Why do they always seem to start out with good intentions (the removal of terrible power imbalances and inequities), but still end up being some kind of fascist state which is in some ways worse than the original terrible state? Do humans just actually suck that much?

Rachel Guthrie

Is there a common factor or consistent pattern that causes or leads to revolution? Can we avoid it?

Nicole S

Where on the scale of zero to revolution would you say the United States is right now?

Felix Lasselle

In Quebec in the 60s we had the Quiet Revolution which saw separation of church and state as well many other social progressive moves forward. Would the U.S. be capable of something similar where policies and structure change or is it too far gone with the extremist politics?

Ettegoom

Speaking for a friend, I'm quite keen to know the answer v to this too? How bad do things need to get before enough people unite behind the cause?

Ettegoom

This is my question too

Ettegoom

Are they always violent? Can they occur slowly and peacefully?

Ettegoom

Do liberal democracies lead to the conditions that would incite revolution?

Felix Lasselle

Does the term revolution imply the turning of a wheel like we turn the wheel 180 degrees so we're the opposite of what was in place. Similar to the pendulum swinging to extremes instead of just a little back and forth in the middle?

aguycalledshane

How do we start one? Asking for 53% of America.

JawsThemeSwimming

I was wondering if you had heard of the Dictator’s Handbook by Bruce Bueno de Mesquita and Alastair Smith? In it, it basically says that in democratic countries revolutions are usually unlikely because the risk of putting in a worst and dictatorial regime is not worth it. I was wondering if there are lesser alternatives to full on revolutions that might place power back into the common people’s hands when voting is being suppressed and the representatives do not follow the will of the people.

julia_n_budbud

What are some early indicators that a revolution is *about* to happen? Very interested to see if there are any key patterns generally that indicate they may be on the horizon.

Fiona Dolphin

I’d like to know the answer to this too!

Ben Pollock

Based on historical revolutions led by leaders with charismatic personality traits, are there any charismatic figures in the 21st century that you would consider to be successful revolutionary leaders (or have the potential to be successful revolutionary leaders)?

James Orsatti

Is there a revolutionary personality type, like a rogue CEO with a manifesto and a flair for dramatic exits,or do ordinary people just get swept up in history’s fever dream and wake up leading the charge?

Janet R.

Is the current political system in the US gearing toward a revolution?

Adam Foote

I feel like this is a bit of an odd one, but: Do successful revolutions, um, work? By which I mean do they actually improve things for the people who drive them very often? I feel like military coups and other revolutions that install a dictator are often quite detrimental, and there are other examples (French Revolution, Oliver Cromwell) where it started with halfway decent intentions and quickly turned into an astonishing number of beheadings.

coolguybrad

First time question asker here! Do revolutions have any correlation to the Social Cycle Theory or "Secular Cycle?" Are revolutions always significant enough to be markers for the end/start of cultural eras or regimes?

Jeremy Alas

In a world where a revolution is so clearly needed in several aspects of our lives, what contributes to so much inaction? I sense that fear of prosecution, risk of losing livelihood and the idea that others will do the work all contribute to it… but what other “hidden” factors are there?

Marissa Jacobsen

Are there any common "tipping points"? What do revolutions (that lead to changes in regime) tend to share?

Jani Rounds

Is it always bad for the instigators of revolutions? Does the American Civil Rights Movement count as a (nonviolent) revolution? Could we have a nonviolent or minimally violent revolution that works? I am not of course proposing violence here on the internet….

Ettegoom

In thinking about situations recently where there have been positive social changes, like BLM, me too, gay marriage etc. And how we seem to be having this aggressive backlash against all of this from the ruling classes, is this a form of revolution against social and democratic change, or a hunkering down by the ruling classes as they see the spectre of a slow revolution occurring? Is this a pattern that occurs often with revolution? Slow positive changes toward equity, followed by aggressive suppression, leading to a more 'typical' revolution? And how often does the suppression phase work, and the conservative position 'wins'?

Ettegoom

Interesting idea, it does seem to cycle a bit

Adam Foote

Oh! One more: is the difference between a "revolution" and a "civil war" just how successful it was at forming a new country?

Caitlin Sexton

US listener here - What revolutions do the history books here in the US tend to forget that we should be paying more attention to? What revolutions are happening right now? We focus so much on these enlightenment-era revolutions.

Regina Muth

1. At what point does something become considered a revolution? 2. Do people know they're in one when they're in it or is it something determined after? 3. What's the difference between a revolution and a coup? 4. Can a revolution be non-violent? 5. What are the variables measured when determining the likelihood of a place having a revolution? I'm sure there has to be a rubric or grading system. Is there a "tipping point" in the data where it's guaranteed at some point in the immediate future? 6. Are certain cultures or cultural characteristics more or less prone to revolutions? 7. Once you've had a revolution, what is the likelihood of another occurring soon after? Are there proven methods / techniques that can be used to stabilize society immediately post-revolution that minimize potential future revolutions? 8. Are revolutions fundamentally almost always about the same themes? 9. What are the most effective ways to put down a revolution? (other than slaughtering everyone)

Daphne Hyde

Could you explain the use of marketing/propaganda in historical revolutions? Do you think a revolution has to have a “bad guy” to be successful in rallying support?

Regina Muth

Is a modern one even possible?

Jeremy Alas

How do we have meaningful dialogue regarding what needs action, that helps bridge the gap between people from different backgrounds? It seems clear there are fears about losing status/privilege as equity expands for others. It feels exhausting when the conversation is met with silence or resistance and I immediately feel that racism is the barrier. Is this wrong?

Regina Muth

And do coups lead to revolutions?

samwambam

Is the US in a revolution right no? If so, why doesn’t it feel like it? What does a revolution “feel” like?

Erin

Laypeople in the U.S. often cite French citizens as exemplary labor strikers (for instance). I don’t know if that’s factually accurate, but if so: what conditions—be they cultural, political, economic—lend themselves to an environment where people can effectively strike? And can those factors be more broadly applied to political revolutions?

cheesemonger

how does size and geographic expanse of a population impact ability to cooperate and thus effectiveness?

Leanna Shuster

Speaking as an American who frankly is ashamed at how "great" our country has become, are there strategies or methods of speaking against power that have historically proven themselves to have a higher probability of success in revolting against tyrannical government power bases who are, well, revolting??

cheesemonger

successful revolutions are largely seen as positive after they are successful. are they usually looked down upon during?

Erin

What are some of the most innovative methods of communication during revolutions that you know of?

Potato Puffer

What role do memes and viral videos play in modern revolutions? (Would Marx have been a TikToker?)

cheesemonger

what are common factors of revolutions if any that have never changed over time (or depending on people and context)

cheesemonger

historically what happens when The People lose steam?

Christian Swenson

Can you have a revolution in your own mind and disrupt your status quo?

cheesemonger

is one even possible when we all have adhd?

Kimberly

Is there any evidence in the archaeological record of revolutions or resistance happening during the transition period from hunter gatherers to agriculturalists? I am an anthropology major and I learned that this wasn’t a one time event, but was a long transition period with a lot of back-and-forth in various locations in various times.

Pseudonym Jones IV

Are there any good books on how to perform a successful revolution against an oppressive regime? Asking for historical reference...

CubedWombat

Does the person listen to the Revolutions podcast by Mike Duncan? What about Andor? Ok seriously How are revolutions measured and compared?? Revolutions appear to be VERY specific. Even in the American revolution, the reasons as to why the north, south, coastal, and mountain reasons were all very different. So how do you find a good reliable thread to measure them!?

ScienceInTheArt

How reliable is the Gini index in predicting societal revolution and where do we stand in the United States relative to a critical value of the index indicating whether change is imminent?

Hailey Bate

how do you STOP a revolution???

Anastasia Press

Does language/terminology predict the historical impact of a movement? I live in Minneapolis where the George Floyd uprising happened, and I've found it interesting that some people here call it an "uprising" while other people call it a "riot." I often wonder how the terminology will influence the way it's seen in history.

Saira (‘Sarah’) Manns

What’s your favourite song about revolutions? (I have Tracy Chapman stuck in my head currently)

Anastasia Press

Are there certain factors that make a revolution more successful? I wonder about organization, intentionality, publicity, etc.

Emmett M Wald

When and how is violence effective in overthrowing oppressive regimes, and when is it ineffective?

Emmett M Wald

How are successful coalitional movements formed?

Emmett M Wald

What is the role of art and music in revolutions?

Lexi Gutshall

Maybe you aren't the right person to ask this question, but I've heard that the last time the wealth gap was as large as it is now the French revolution happened. Is that true?

T Noz

I second this one. Be interesting to hear the opinion of the ologist. Are there researchers doing studies on the level of SM engagement and one's motivation to attend an IRL event?

AussieColin

I find the influence of science really interesting. Consider, for example, the massive societal revolution triggered by the Pill becoming common!

Vera Axelrod

What do you think of Mike Duncan’s popular “Revolutions” podcast?

Kevin Zimmerman

One particularly shameful episode in U.S. / world history is the way Haiti was treated following its revolution - instead of celebrating slaves who claimed their own freedom, the country was forced to pay reparations to France well into the 20th century, the U.S. seized money from them, etc… How do we reckon with the history of “good” revolutions we should have supported (or “bad” ones we shouldn’t have)?

Jeff Goodhartz

Ettegoom - Our present American climate would suggest yes ☹️

RJ Doidge

*looks around awkwardly* so…how long do we go around until it just happens?

Raja

I don't have a question yet, but I encourage interested listeners to watch The Singing Revolution. The story about how Estonia regained independence. Music is at the heart of so much when it comes to revolutions... in my head anyway. Maybe that's my question! Does music play a prominent role in many revolutions? Or is it just me that musical inspiration keeps hope alive? (Raja rhymes with papaya)

erin farley

Would love to hear them get into the definition of non-violence, what that means in the context of revolution. Also, would love to hear insights on the process of backlash that follows any large change

Sara Swank

sooo… how do we.. how do we do it?

Sarah Mabel

How are different kinds of revolution studied? For example, quieter, long-term revolutions (think changes in parenting, ending generational trauma, etc.) vs. short-term revolutions (think quick and chaotic, like war, riots, and protests)

Lee Wang

Some discourses that I've heard mention things like accelerationism rely on revolutionary energy, i.e. the idea that things have to be very bad to enough people for them to want to revolt. While the people who are advocating for revolutionary change acknowledge that their goals will cause suffering, even to people who are bystanders, they justify their plans by saying that while their goals will cost lives immediately, the status quo is killing people bit by bit every day, and so to them it's an even trade off (this is the argument that one character in Andor makes). I'm not sure that I entirely buy this line of thinking, just because as an ethical being, balancing suffering and disruption like a checkbook seems like a moral cop out -- like, is the average Iraqi citizen better off today than they were 25 years ago under Saddam? Because I WANT things to change dramatically, but running over innocent lives is also not something I want to do. Is there a way to avoid these costs -- is going full speed ahead, damn the collateral, justifiable?

Fiona Rogge

What are your thoughts on the role of violence in revolutions- I’m thinking of Fanon’s writing in the Wretched of the Earth which has generated so much discussion- what do present-day sociologists think of violence? Is it a strict necessity for change in colonial contexts?

AJ

When people flippantly discuss a potential revolution, I immediately think of the potential hardship that these tumultuous situations can have for everyday citizens. Are there examples of revolutions in which communities have been able to thrive in spite of revolution, and what strategies or concentrations might help communities to weather these situations?

Jonathan Cummings

Omg what an important conversation. Thank you both for having it. Help us, save us, AAAAAHHHHH! What one lesson and action does everyone need to know right now for us to make it out of this mess?

Jonathan Cummings

For those who are federal employees, what is the best form of action to take? Quit? Stay and strongly resist at rush of being fired? Stay and not resist to be able to rebuild? Resist in s targeted manner, of so what manner?

Eric Burnette

Why are revolutions so hard to pull off?

Jonathan Cummings

How does when determine when and how it is best to act? When participating in revolution can come at a cost, or conversely when tactically enabling authoritarianism causes harm, what should people who want to do the right thing in the face of personal hardship be considering to act wisely?

Marla J

The Spanish Revolution inspired writers such as Ernest Hemingway, and artist Irving Norman. Could you touch on how Revolutions inspire artists, writers, and musicians.

Rachel

Oh, I have so many questions about this topic. (1) Is violence an inevitable part of revolution, or can revolutions truly be peaceful? (2) What, in your view, makes a revolution “successful”? (3) Do revolutions usually arise more from economic inequality, political oppression, or cultural shifts — or is it always a mix?

Marla J

If California left the union would that be considered a Revolution? What if more than one state left peacefully? If it is peaceful is it a revolution or a succession? Would it be a civil war if it is violent or other states get involved? What is the difference between a revolution and a civil war?

fullmetalknee

What are the nitty gritty differences between protests, revolutions, insurrections, and revolts? Can you talk about the different ways people can participate in a revolution? Can the Social Change Ecosystem Map roles apply like in protests? Not everyone can get out to the front lines (disability, money, etc) and there are networks of people at homes and behind the scenes during protests at least. You see glimpses of it in stories about the Disability and Black civil rights movements

Emily T

How do you keep the original intention of a revolution? For example, Egypt's recent Arab Spring.

Andrew McVay

How often are revolutions spurred by a military branch that’s grumpy with the political leader?

Ryan Marlow

Is it true that there is a semi-predictable structure to revolutions, or is that all post-facto reasoning over events that are actually chaotic every time?

Marc Rubin

What are the most common indicators that precede revolution? Extreme class imbalances? State-sanctioned prejudice and injustice? Is the USA destined for a revolution in the not too distant future? Also, please do an episode of Ologies on veterinary gerontology with my lovely wife, Dr Ashley Portmann of Home Together Vet!! https://www.instagram.com/p/DCXG7uYBbC2/?igsh=MThmdG1xYTc4aW9oag==

Ryan Marlow

Are there known successful strategies for revolutions? Known unsuccessful strategies?

Ryan Marlow

What's the most unlikely revolution to ever succeed? What's the most seemingly-inevitable one that failed?

Ryan Marlow

People (in the US) tend to over-identify with the American Revolution as the archetypal revolution. What are some earlier historical revolutions that might serve as better archetypes?

TheCole

What happens when opposing sides both consider their actions and ideology a revolution? Thinking of our current political climate, having grown up around what is now the extreme, conservative, religious right, we are currently living the revolution they dreamed of in this administration. While those of us that disagree with said administration feel our actions are revolutionary. I've heard both sides use the term "revolution." Or is this somewhat unique to America problem because our culture holds revolutionaries in high regard and the word itself has a very positive connotation in most cases.

Ryan Marlow

Is it true that regardless of whether a revolution has the support of the wider populace, the key to success is usually swaying the upper class or upper middle class based on their financial interests?

Ryan Marlow

Are there any strong indicators that a given country is "ripe" for revolution?

Ryan Marlow

What kinds of geopolitical preconditions tend to be necessary for a revolution to succeed?

Andrew McVay

It’s because of social media that I started participating in political/social protests this year!

Ryan Marlow

Is the idea of the "bloodless" revolution relatively recent? (e.g. the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia, the end of apartheid in South Africa) Or are there earlier historical examples of revolution without mass conflict?

Ryan Marlow

Is it true that revolutions usually have a problem with governance after succeeding? If so, are there any factors that can reduce or eliminate this problem so that a successful revolution can transition smoothly to a new government? Or is the problem inevitable?

Ryan Marlow

That's all for now. You can tell that I think about this... a normal amount... 😅

Noel Nichols

Hey! There is a lot you can do. Your local groups like Indivisible and 50501 definitely need your help! Some critical tasks that you could absolutely do from home are: comment moderation on social media, being a welcome wagon type for new volunteers, administrative tasks (think setting meetings, updating spreadsheets, hopping on zoom calls, meeting moderation), newsletter or blog writing, summarizing the day's news for social media posts, fundraising, researching permitting, donation compliance, etc. Our grassroots organizations are stretched thin and need people like you who want to help! Feel free to reach out to me if you want help connecting with an organization in your area!

Ara Victor

Is it true that 3% of the population is enough to create a revolution? Do they need to have a central, charismatic leader to succeed?

Bennett Vanderbosch

What through lines do we see in revolutions? What do they have in common?

Molly Tirpak Sterkel

Where do you draw the line between change of government (even a violent one) vs a revolution? Why are political/governance revolutions perceived negatively/seen as a bit anarchical whereas social and industrial and technological revolutions are see as inevitable, benign swells of change- but not anarchy or dangerous.

Gracefully Davis

What is actually needed to start a revolution? And what factors might differentiate a successful from an unsuccessful revolution?

Bennett Vanderbosch

What makes a revolution? I imagine some are big but some are smaller.

mish the fish

how were the religious fundamentalists able to gain power during the 1979 iranian revolution despite most people being in ither factions?

mish the fish

what makes a revolution "successful"?

Keely Chavez

Just remember we're counting on you when things go all "Handmaid's Tale" here...

Keely Chavez

I like this question, particularly as a (NOT affiliated) D.A.R (me great (x5?) grandpappy was Col. William Prescott); but as the wife of a vet, I'll lean into a peaceful revolution, there's already plenty of manure out here.

Jonathan Cummings

How durable are revolutions after they succeed? Do the causes tend to be resolved? Do the sources or individuals leading the revolution remain? What is the transition out of a revolution to a post revolution period like?

Jonathan Cummings

Are revolutions more successful when there is an other that is being opposed or when there is an aspirational goal separate from an opposing group? What is the best strategy for engagement with an opposition?

Jonathan Cummings

Another wording of what you're asking I think is the study of paradigm shifts, which I think has similar characteristics but likely differences. Maybe a future ology topic? Buzz Holling did some research on this in ecological settings.

CurtisDawg

Looking at the evolution of revolution, what is the influence regarding (pick any…): • Access to communication. Seems that we are inundated with and influenced by so much information (good and bad) these days. Was this a thing in the past? • The suppression (or control) of the press. Wouldn’t this be one of the first targets? • The suppression (or control) of an educated public while promoting discrimination and restricting equal access to education. • Voter suppression, especially those who disagree with the current people in power. • Influencing the justice system so those in power are not held accountable for their nefarious actions. • Racism and the suppression of classes of people who would benefit from governmental policies.

CurtisDawg

Has revolution always been about the bourgeoisie versus the aristocracy?

Jonathan Cummings

Or the opposite, continue an anger or revenge based movement longer because of the animosity social media can foster?

Tony Vessels

How have revolutions in one country influenced or inspired movements in other parts of the world? Are there any specific figures who've acted as conduits for these ideas?

Tony Vessels

In what ways do non-violent revolutions differ from violent ones in their causes, processes, and long-term outcomes?

Rosa

What were some of the most successful revolutions of the past? And what characteristics likely made them successful?

Jonathan Cummings

How correlated are Labor movements and political revolutions? How much of a time do unions play in revolutions?

Tony Vessels

What's the difference between revolutions and rebellions?

Tony Vessels

Would you define civil wars as outcomes of revolutions?

Rosa

Can you talk about the role of mutual aid in revolutions historically? Is the care work happening behind the scenes important to the success of revolutions?

Tony Vessels

What is it about charismatic leaders/revolutionaries that can so incense a populace to revolt? How are they so successful in garnering support and motivating a populace to fight back against a comfortable status quo?

Rosa

I want to know more about revolutionaries in the age of the internet. It seems like fewer people can gain that sort of prominence and support when the media is suppressing dissent and when cancel culture is rejecting everyone who has ever made a mistake. Is this true or are there revolutionaries rising above these issues?

Rosa

Are things like sexism/ misogyny and other societal ills common in revolutions even when they are fighting for human rights? I read a book once about a feminist movement that took place within the Egyptian revolution, and the author talked about how there was a lot of horrific sexual violence against women during the Egyptian revolution, which made it super hard for women to participate in it. Do other revolutions have similar problems with hate and oppression happening within the movement? (That book was called Radius for anyone interested and it was extremely upsetting and has lots of content warnings)

Rosa

How does the modern internet help and hinder the potential for revolutions? And what role does it have the potential to play? Governments that don’t want to lose power can use Internet shutdowns as a last ditch effort to prevent revolutions- after perhaps already doing what they can to control the media. Can revolutionaries harness the internet to their benefit? Are there examples of this?

Jenna U

Are there examples of revolutions where the successful group _didn't_ go on to become violent or take on tactics of repression or suppression, or where greater freedom or liberation genuinely resulted? This sounds like a cynical question but I'm looking for examples to keep me hopeful.

Rosa

Considering how advanced and massively destructive weapons are today, which could be used quickly to end a revolution before it really starts, will things like withholding labor become more important to the potential of revolutions?

Rosa

Could you talk about the role of anarchism in the before, during, and after of revolutions?

Mariana Alvarez

If the US were to undergo a revolution, do you think we would have an increase in democracy as a result (more direct democracy vs representative), or will democracy be replaced with something else entirely? And what would that look like?

Chud Grunyon

Have there always been revolutions? Or is it known when the first one may have happened?

Zyz

What is the "blueprint" for our idea of what a revolution is? Any revolutions that were defining of our modern understanding of what a revolution looks like?

Sydney VanVleet

What is the justification for violent revolutions? Conversely, what is the justification for nonviolent revolution when it appears that violence is the only way to get things done? I hope this makes sense. In this day and age of heavy use of technology and surveillance, are revolutions even still possible? And if so, what is the blueprint for those we can accomplish these days rather than looking to the ones in the pas

Mark Wilkes

How do you protect yourself? Is there a recommended way to “behave” during and after a revolution? What are the best options for avoiding the guillotine?

Amanda S

Is a smaller but more focused/committed movement or a larger but less organized movement typically more successful? (1st time asking!)

Amanda S

At what point is it necessary to have a clear plan for the aftermath of a revolution? How often do revolutions succeed only to tear themselves apart afterward? (w/ my other question, 1st time asking!)

Björn Fredberg

If history is written by the victor, what defines what is a revolution? Is it only successful uprising that are called "revolutions"?

Björn Fredberg

What is necessary for a revolution to be "permanent"? Looking for instance at the Arab Spring in 2011 which looked hopeful at the time, but have since to a large extent been reversed and in some cases worsened

Lalie Broten

What are the signs that a revolution is iminent?

Euan Munro

I remember reading about how World War I made a huge difference to how Europe was organised - basically the end of the landed gentry. Is there any other revolutions that have had a huge difference to society where most people aren't that aware of it?

Ro Land

It seems like everything is getting worse and worse all the time but no revolution has happened. Are modern western countries immune to revolutions?

Ro Land

What's the difference between a revolution and a coup?

Kleargle

what do you think about capital R "Revolutions" compared to small revolutionary acts that are doable now to enact social change? (e.g. food co-ops, sharing resources) Are there any small "revolutions" that are particularly interesting or special to you?

Samsibar

I have heard about a study that found that “non-violent” revolutions are far more likely to succeed its goals than “violent” ones. I have also read that that study was very flawed in its methods and when it came to defining what “violent” or “non-violent” is. One critique was also that they used Color-Revolutions as their data. So what are Color-Revolutions? And what is their opinion and/or assessment of the study in question?

GhoulNextDoor

What gets people fired up for revolution? With all the organizing and action necessary in revolt, what gets people collectively to the breaking point?

GhoulNextDoor

With all the oppressive authoritarian attitudes going on in the recently, do you have any encouraging stories of people standing up for each other and making life better/ safer?

Michael Breyette

Are technological and social changes (revolutions in a sense) often precursors to political revolutions? Such as the industrial or sexual revolutions that demand a change in political power to reflect the change in how people live and the rights they now seek?

Erik K

Do revolutions occur in a cycle? Such as a time of stability and unity till a large enough imbalance occurs that a revolution then seeds

Milla Arklay

Why do we continuously blame marie antoinette for the French Revolution despite her having little actual power over the ruling of the country? What is it about revolutions that makes people need to have a scapegoat, even if they’re not to blame?

Munib Hasnain

The line between revolutionary fighters, organized resistance groups, and ordinary civilians often seems blurred by "outsiders" who narrate the events. States or occupying powers frequently portraying entire populations as complicit, which then justifies collective punishment. For example, Israeli leaders have often claimed that all Palestinians are Hamas. Looking across history, how common is this collapsing of categories, and what are the consequences when regimes erase the distinction between revolutionaries and the civilians they emerge from?

Munib Hasnain

Revolutions rarely exist in isolation from the broader society; they grow out of civilian populations that provide shelter, resources, and legitimacy, even when not directly involved in fighting. At the same time, regimes tend to target civilians precisely to weaken that social base of support. This creates a space where revolutionaries, resistance groups, and civilians are deeply entangled. How have different revolutions navigated this tension between dependence on civilian populations and the risks those populations face under repressive crackdowns?

David Zuk

Do all the “successful” revolutions almost require a certain mythos built up around them and inevitably as time passes, history is rewritten?

Andy Pepper

Revolution in the historical sense has the connotation of permanent change, but the word revolution is about things being cyclical. Does that make the study of revolution the study of political impermanence?

Andy Pepper

What are the expert’s favorite examples of revolution-related music and songs? There are so many great ones! Do songs from previous revolutions ever spark new ones?

HazHydro

This is an excellent question

Classic.Tina

So are we on a path to the next major revolution these days? Like , WTF- history seems to continually repeat itself and if that’s the case, does the state of our country these days align with prior revolts and demonstrations of protest that eventually brought around change and an end to tyranny?

Ry_ofthetiger

What are some hallmarks of impending revolution that we might recognize in real time?

Josh Waldman

A take I’ve heard about revolutions is that they only succeed with the support of the military. Is this always true, and if not what are some counter-examples?

Ry_ofthetiger

A lot of the challenge in activism is feeling like your efforts didn't make a difference in the end. Are there any facets of classic activism you might point out which are more performative or placating rather than truly impactful? What would you say seem to be particularly impactful efforts in societal change and general rabble-rousing?

Hannah E

FTQA! What sort of metrics are used to predict, track, or evaluate a revolution, and how might this differ depending on whether that’s being done from within a revolution or within that which is being targeted by the revolution?

Hannah E

FTQA! How important is the battle of public opinion in the progression/success of a revolution?

Dave Langlinais

I've heard it said that revolutions are always preceded by a loss of faith in religious belief in the general population. Not that I believe that hogwash, but ... is there actually any historic precedent for the claim? Even if only incidental? Secondly, it's my own understanding that all revolutions are (at least partly) due to rapidly widening wealth inequality. By the same token, how much historic precedence does this hold?

Hannah E

FTQA! Im wondering how revolutions that take place over really big physical areas might differ in consistency or coordination from ones that are more localized. Love the pod!

Hasley

FTQA: I can't find it now, but several years ago, I read an article called "How to Start a Riot" and it sticks in my brain. It talked about the Threshold Model. You need one person to instigate, and then a person who just needed the instigator but couldn't do it alone. Then someone else just needed a couple people before they jumped on board and so on and so forth. Some people might not join the riot until there's a large group. At what point does a riot become a protest become a revolution become a movement? (I may be mixing that order up)

shelse

What can we do to speed the coming revolution up? On a more serious note, could you discuss the link between times of plague/pandemic and revolutions?

Erin Wohlgemuth

In a time when it seems like lots of hard won rights are under threat, how do we ensure the long lasting effects of revolutions? Are there any good examples of revolutions that brought on change that lasted or didn't?

Zuleika Pevec

Are there examples of non-violent revolutions making lasting changes for the people?

Brooke Bartholomew

I came to ask this question too!! What is the role of art pre, during, and after revolutions, and also counter-revolutionary movements?

Brooke Bartholomew

For people who study revolutions (revolutionologist? Historical sociologist?), how much of a role do memoirs and personal accounts play when putting together an analysis of a past revolution?

Erin Dewberry

Can you give us some really good unknown trivia facts about different famous revolutions? What does the general public not know?

saladbroth

FTQA :) Is there a specific event that's considered the "first" revolution in history by definition, or is it only after a certain point in history that societal upheavals are considered revolutions because the concept hadn't been invented yet? For example, would the killing of the Pisistratids and the consequental establishment of the Democracy in archaic Athens be considered as a revolution? Like, at what point was it decided what makes or doesn't make a "Revolution"?

Ami DuCre (Amy doo-kray)

What do all revolutions have in common (as in events that consistently lead up to them)? Are there any particularly unusual revolutions that differ from most others? How come countries like France seem ready to have a revolution at the drop of a hat (farmers covering roads with soil using tractors, citizens setting things on fire in cities) compared to America?

Meaghan Ratcliffe

is there usually a major catalyst that puts a revolution into gear or does it tend to be a culmination of events that lead to a revolution?

Trista Algar

What is the difference between a revolution, a resistance and a rebellion?

Trista Algar

How do historians manage to piece together the story of a revolution (or any story throughout history I suppose) with the knowledge that the victors’ perspectives are usually the stories we are left with?

Trista Algar

Do you have any insights on the Red River Rebellion in Canada and how its events and outcomes impact Métis culture and peoples today?

Jonathan Stansell

Do revolutions “work”? How long does it take to know if a revolution was successful? (I’m referencing the story of a journalist asking the premier of China if the French Revolution was successful. The premier replied, “too early to tell.” I think I have that right.)

Philipp Meder

As a historian myself, I am mostly interested in their processes: How do they come up with theories, do they use any tools while writing? And which (academic) books do they recommend?

Ranger France

Why are the French so good at it? what's with them?

Ranger France

For it to be called a revolution, does it need to be a full change of government? Or can it be a large movement for change?

Ranger France

Is there any one hotspot around the globe that has had more revolutions in comparison to everywhere else?

Ranger France

What are the signs of a revolution before that movement has been labeled as a revolution?

Jonathan Stansell

I’m an American abroad and this is great for me to hear too! Riley, thanks for asking the question (ditto on the anxiety and shame). Noel, thanks for answering!

Angela Clark

A modern day revolution would take a large amount of people being on the same page. Propaganda and misinformation are rampant, and we are so ideologically splintered. What are some ways to approach deprogramming the folks in our lives who have fallen victim to radical echo chambers, and start forming a cohesive idea for a way forward?

Itsok

Wondering this! I’m a “northern neighbor”, but the country next door is so closely tied to us, it’s become very stressful, all of this upheaval, erosion of rights, blatant disregard for the rule of law etc. It all feels like it’s obviously leading somewhere really terrible. Like a dystopian novel. Is my dear neighbor on the path to revolution or does a new political state need to be established first to push the people to revolution? And how often do neighbouring countries get dragged into these things?

Itsok

This is an awesome question! Revolutionary art or art that appears during these times is usually so dark and powerful, but the. there is also propaganda, please elaborate on its role as historical documentary and/or suppression.

Riley McInnis

Similar, I'm a Canadian who just got dual citizenship in a purple state so factors compound! Thanks for being in the boat with me, Jonathan!!

bizanthymum

FTQA: Do things *have* to get worse before they get better? Like, Is there a way to collectively evolve as a society or drive a progressive cultural shift without the whole sliding-into-fascism thing, or . . . . ?

bizanthymum

FTQA: Can we please discuss (and dispel) the notion that "protests never work?"

Key Kiani

Iranian here. My parents do not miss the chance to educate people on the 1979 revolution in Iran. Not big fans... How do we assess popular support for historical revolutions when accounts differ so much? Is this survivorship bias? Thanks very much. Super duper excited for this episode!

bizanthymum

FTQA: Why why why do people have such short dang memories??! I'm referring to the the logistical paradox of "once I open my umbrella, I am no longer getting rained on, therefore it must no longer be raining and thus I will throw away the umbrella." Speaking from the US historical perspective, for instance, there will have been a revolution to fight for the rights of [enter historically marginalized group here]. *Some* of those rights will eventually become recognized, and then a very seemingly short amount of time later, we'll roll back whatever form that recognition took because "it's not relevant anymore."

Bobby Baldocchi

What is the earliest known example of an event which could be classified as a revolution, and what do we know about it?

bizanthymum

FTQA: I'd love to hear the ologist discuss the notable uprisings (revolutions? movements?) of recent US history: BLM (2020 in particular), #metoo, and Occupy Wall Street. What did these movements do well to garner such impressive participation? Why, in the ologist's opinion, did they fizzle? How does a movement make sustainable societal change / what would these movements needed to have done in order to maintain their momentum and shift society more permanently? Furthermore, there has been a notable backlash after each of these movements that one might argue has more deeply entrenched that which they were rising against in the first place (the proliferation of racial inequities and racism, disparate and abusive policing, sexism / genderism / TERFism and their attendant violence & harassment, wealth disparities and unmitigated white collar crime . . . etc.). Can we fucking not?? Can we please shift the pendulum of society such that it doesn't swing back in our faces and knock us in our teeth?? Please advise. (PLEASE.)

bizanthymum

FTQA: Is the ologist familiar with the concept popularized by adrienne maree brown called Emergent Strategies? If so, what does the ologist think of this theory of building and sustaining broader cultural revolution? Related: is this country just too damn big? It seems that breaking up the US would inevitably lead to violence (it has happened before, if I remember correctly . . . ), but I wonder sometimes if the US's size (both geographic and population) is one of the reasons it's so difficult to get this country on board with making and keeping change.

bizanthymum

FTQA: What is the role of holding power to account in establishing cultural change in the aftermath of revolutions? Context: During Reconstruction, the US didn't really hold the secessionist states or its military accountable in any meaningful sense for their instigation and aggression of the Civil War (see: reparations were not enforced nor made, celebration of slave-holding southern generals, reframing Civil War history as a "state's rights" issue, Dixie flags, "Southern Pride," etc.). There's been much discussion about how this lack of accountability and reparations might have a throughline to many of our cultural ills that plague us today. Meanwhile in Germany, Nazi flags and any sort of celebration of Nazism is expressly outlawed, and their history and role in WWII is expressly taught to and studied by students to promote reflection such that that history should never be repeated. This isn't to dismiss the fringe Right that still exists in Germany, but so far as I'm aware, it's relatively small and not particularly powerful. Please correct if I'm getting any of these particulars wrong, but I wonder what commentary the ologist has to offer re: reflection and accountability as a means to sustain societal change in the wake of the revolutions that got us there.

bizanthymum

omg can the ologist PLEASE discuss the current state of Rojava!!??!!?!

bizanthymum

Don't be a billionaire ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

bizanthymum

FTQA: Can we please, PLEASE discuss the history / current state of the autonomous region of Rojava?! It. is. fascinating. and more people should know about it!!

Mouse Paxton

Is the US close to reaching any kind of tipping point? I'm not American (Canadian here) but every time I see US news it just looks worse and worse.

Brain 🧠 Shenanigans

How do modern day/present revolutions compare to those of the past? ie prevalence of propaganda, how those in charge handled dissent, etc.

Maddie A

What are the hallmarks of a "successful" revolution compared to a "failed" one? How do we determine whether a revolution has succeeded?

Maddie A

How large does a movement need to be to be considered a revolution? Can smaller scale/local movements be considered revolutions? If not, why?

Kate E

Can you please discuss Erica Chenowith’s finding that 3.5% of the population engaging in nonviolent resistance can achieve their goals. Any historical examples? Does it need to be sustained participation? What does that look like? Strikes, marches? How would it work in a large, diverse population like the US?

Rose

How do you tell when you’re in the middle of a revolution? Is it always super obvious or can it sneak up on you? Historically do people tend to know when they’re in the middle of revolutions?

Liv Cazzola

2 parter: how do you predict the next revolution will go, vs: how do you wish the next revolution would go?

Second Act Science Teacher

Do we need a revolution to stop the US from becoming a real life Gilead? Is it typical for people who are normally nonviolent to have violent tendencies when revolution seems to be the only option? Will the feds arrest me for expressing my feelings (just kidding, not really)?

Alyssa O

Were most revolutions started by prominent figures/people with some level of power and influence? Or were they typically started by regular everyday people who slowly gained popularity due to their beliefs and desire for change?

Magdalena Castillo

How big of an influence is language and culture in a revolution? (I’m thinkin’ the fight for Catalan and Bosque independence in Spain). Are there any historic examples of a revolution where both sides ended up better off afterwards?

who_let_the_lucy_goose_loose

As a person who knows little to nothing about revolutions, I immediately think of large groups of people demolishing the power of rulers and individuals. I tend to imagine a heroic and inspiring story of success (ready for movie adaptation) but how many large revolutions are actually successful? is starting the hardest part? Do you have a favourite failed attempt at revolution from history?

who_let_the_lucy_goose_loose

How does modern technology influence the rate at which revolutions can be formed, and how successful they are? I imagine starting revolutions would be made easier by instant communication and the ability to swiftly convey large amounts of information, however I can also see how increased predictability and lack of online security could be a challange

JawsThemeSwimming

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs certain needs are important to be met before the “higher” needs of psychological and self-fulfillment can be better focused on. Do leaders use this principle to keep their citizens struggling to have more basic needs met so they can’t focus on their “higher needs” and realize that revolution could be necessary or just a viable solution to their oppression? Anti-corruption happens to be something I’m passionate about. It just saddens me that I can’t pursue that passion probably in large part due to that corruption keeping me struggling to meet my basic needs. Hopefully others are inspired to pursue that passion in the future though

protect_trans_lives

Why does it seem even school teachers in northern states give such a sanitized version of history? So much unlearning/relearning has to be done after graduating high school. It’s frustrating how much the Black Power movement gets demonized especially and MLK put on a pedestal.

redheadedscientist

What are examples of peaceful revolutions that lasted?

RoadLesTravelled

Revolutions don’t fit well among people whose lives aren’t impacted by some type of loss. Using my life as my example, I could see NOT supporting the American revolution but fully supporting the USA side in our American civil war. In a different form there was an environmental revolution in the mid-20th century. That one seems to be ongoing, with greater or lesser support as generations come of age.

Clairebear

What is the recipe for a successful revolution? Using the US as a purely hypothetical example, what else needs to happen here in order for a revolution to break out?

rowantree

How can we push national leadership that is resistant to change (ie democrats) to move past that and effectively respond to what’s going on now? Or, what do leaders need to know about large revolutions and make them effective?

rowantree

Do you have any historical examples of effective nonviolent revolution?

rowantree

What structural advantage is provided by the US constitution to respond to dictatorship/overreaching fed government?

RCrow

In the event of a revolution in the US, do you think folks are better off having weapons or not? In my immediate family we believe in gardening and being useful and neighborly is our best defense, while my family of origin believes in being armed.

Meredith Levine

Are effective revolutions that create lasting change in the direction of more power to the average person always violent?

Meredith Levine

How do we plan for after a revolution so that the right people, groups, and structures can fill the power vacuum left behind?

Jennifer Lemon

In media, oppressors are often overthrown in revolutions, and then the revolutionaries become the new oppressors. Does that actually reflect reality?

maya katherine

Hi! Theater kid here, what is your professional opinion of the musical Les Miserables? Is it historically accurate?

romanpigeon

Is violence necessary for long-term change? I've always stressed about that as a pacifist who is okay with justified violence, ie self-defense. At what point is violence in changing a society too far?

Ara Victor

From my dad: What was the oldest Revolution we have data on and did it succeed ?

pearrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr

can you define/ezplain what a revolution is and how it's similar or different to civil wars, coups, insurgency, protests (on a massive scale like Arab Spring), etc. is a revolution something that can only be defined after the fact? dependant on the outcomes?

molticappelli

Hi, what are the most common components of a revolution, or the schema for one? (If the prominent guest is Mike Duncan, his riveting fictional martian revolution presumably follows it, and it would be a bonus if you confirmed this!)

Jamie

Are there different kinds of revolutions? What are they? Does it affect the outcome?

Marta Barnez

Question about non-violent revolutions! I’m from Montreal and grew up hearing praise for The Quiet Revolution and its success at bringing about peaceful socioeconomic reform and justice to Quebec policies - especially for Francophones (French speakers) who were seen as second-class citizens until the mid 20th century. What were the qualities that made it work in this context and could it be recreated or was it just the luck of “right time right place”? How long can we consider a revolution to last? Does it just take one bad leader to end one? And by extension, is there also an inherent sacrifice of one demographic for another to make a revolution work? As an Anglophone (English speaker), things like their increasingly aggressive language police and xenophobic policies towards non-Quebecois cultures can feel oppressive and like we’ve just flipped the coin on who gets to be considered second-class instead of making true progress towards equity.

Chelcy

I am often thrown into an endless guilt thought spiral when I am unable to attend protests for causes that mean a lot to me. I feel like sometimes it's all we have the "power" the do but at the same time I think "does protesting really do anything anyway?" When I can't attend events, I protest financially via boycott or donation but it still feels pretty futile. Can you share some historical protests that had big lasting effects?

Dana Balicki

I missed the deadline, but i'll throw it in just in case... there's a quote from activist (and i'd say revolutionary) Grace Lee Boggs, that goes "Rebellion is a stage in the development of revolution but it is not revolution. It is an important stage because it represents the standing up of the oppressed. Rebellions break the threads that have been holding the system together and throw into question its legitimacy and the supposed permanence of existing institutions. A rebellion disrupts the society, but it does not provide what is necessary to make a revolution and establish a new social order. To make a revolution, people must not only struggle against existing institutions; they must make a philosophical/spiritual leap and become more human human beings. In order to change/transform the world, they must change/transform themselves.” Additionally, we have Joanna Macy's Great Turning Theory, which consists of three parts: (1) disruption, (2) creating/visioning new systems, and (3) inner work. She explains that we're in a consciousness revolution (after the agrarian, industrial, techno revs). I'd love to hear the ologists take on the consciousness revolution and how they see us using rebellions (which ones will be the best levers?) and inner work--what does history have to teach us here? THANK YOU SO MUCH, CAN'T WAIT FOR THIS EP.

Between Dumplings

Thank you for sharing this, Dana. Isn't Grace Lee Boggs amazing? Every time I see her quoted i'm gobsmacked. TYSM.