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Edson Arantes do Nascimento (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈɛtsõ (w)ɐˈɾɐ̃tʃiz du nɐsiˈmẽtu]; born 23 October 1940), known as Pelé ([peˈlɛ]), is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a forward. Regarded as one of the greatest players of all time and labelled "the greatest" by FIFA,[1] he was among the most successful and popular sports figures of the 20th century. In 1999 he was named Athlete of the Century by the International Olympic Committee and was included in the Time list of the 100 most important people of the 20th century. In 2000, Pelé was voted World Player of the Century by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS), and was one of the two joint winners of the FIFA Player of the Century. His total of 1,279 goals in 1,363 games, which included friendlies, is recognised as a Guinness World Record.[2]
Pelé began playing for Santos at age 15 and the Brazil national team at 16. During his international career, he won three FIFA World Cups: 1958, 1962 and 1970, the only player to do so. Pelé is the all-time leading goalscorer for Brazil with 77 goals in 92 games. At club level he is Santos' all-time top goalscorer with 643 goals from 659 games.[3] In a golden era for Santos, he led the club to the 1962 and 1963 Copa Libertadores, and to the 1962 and 1963 Intercontinental Cup. Credited with connecting the phrase "The Beautiful Game" with football, Pelé's "electrifying play and penchant for spectacular goals" made him a star around the world, and his teams toured internationally in order to take full advantage of his popularity.[4] During his playing days, Pelé was for a period the best-paid athlete in the world. Since retiring in 1977, Pelé has been a worldwide ambassador for football and has made many acting and commercial ventures. In 2010, he was named the Honorary President of the New York Cosmos.
Averaging almost a goal per game throughout his career, Pelé was adept at striking the ball with either foot in addition to anticipating his opponents' movements on the field. While predominantly a striker, he could also drop deep and take on a playmaking role, providing assists with his vision and passing ability, and he would also use his dribbling skills to go past opponents. In Brazil, he is hailed as a national hero for his accomplishments in football and for his outspoken support of policies that improve the social conditions of the poor. His emergence at the 1958 World Cup where he became the first black global sporting star was a source of inspiration.[5] Throughout his career and in his retirement, Pelé received several individual and team awards for his performance in the field, his record-breaking achievements, and legacy in the sport.
Honours
Santos
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A (6): 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1968
Intercontinental Cup (2): 1962, 1963
Campeonato Paulista (10): 1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1973
Torneio Rio-São Paulo (4): 1959, 1963, 1964, 1966
New York Cosmos
North American Soccer League, Atlantic Conference Championship: 1977
Brazil
FIFA World Cup (3): 1958, 1962, 1970
Unofficial titles
Taça do Atlântico: 1960[188]
Taça Oswaldo Cruz (3): 1958, 1962, 1968[76][191]
Bernardo O'Higgins Cup: 1959[192]
Individual
In December 2000, Pelé and Maradona shared the prize of FIFA Player of the Century by FIFA.[193] The award was originally intended to be based upon votes in a web poll, but after it became apparent that it favoured Diego Maradona, many observers complained that the Internet nature of the poll would have meant a skewed demographic of younger fans who would have seen Maradona play, but not Pelé. FIFA then appointed a "Family of Football" committee of FIFA members to decide the winner of the award together with the votes of the readers of the FIFA magazine. The committee chose Pelé. Since Maradona was winning the Internet poll, however, it was decided he and Pelé should share the award.
Copa Libertadores Top Scorer: 1965
Intercontinental Cup Top Scorer (2): 1962, 1963
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Top Scorer (3): 1961, 1963, 1964
Campeonato Paulista Top Scorer (11): 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1969, 1973
Torneio Rio-São Paulo Top Scorer: 1963
Bola de Prata: 1970
South American Championship Best Player: 1959[67]
South American Championship Top Scorer: 1959[68]
South American player of the century, by the IFFHS: 2000[203][204]
Elected best Brazilian player of the century, by the IFFHS: 2006[205]
France Football's Ballon d'Or (7): 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1970 – Le nouveau palmarès (the new winners)[123][206]
FIFA Order of Merit: 1984[207]
Winner of France Football's World Cup Top-100 1930–1990[210]
BBC Sports Personality of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award: 2005[212]
Greatest football player to have ever played the game, by Golden Foot: 2012[214]
Athlete of the Century, elected by International Olympic Committee: 1999[216]
Football Player of the Century, elected by France Football's Ballon d'Or Winners: 1999[218]
Inducted into the American National Soccer Hall of Fame: 1992[208]
TIME: One of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th century: 1999[220]
FWA Tribute Award: 2018[222]
Included in the North American Soccer League (NASL) All-Star team (3): 1975, 1976, 1977[223]
Number 10retired by the New York Cosmos as a recognition to his contribution to the club: 1977[224][225]
Elected Citizen of the World, by the United Nations: 1977[226]
Orders
Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (honorary knighthood): 1997[229]
Elected Commander of the Order of Rio Branco after scoring the thousandth goal: 1969[226]
Awarded with the Cross of the Order of the Republic of Hungary: 1994[226]
Awarded the FIFA Order as a tribute to his 80 years as a sports institution: 1984[226]
Awarded with the Order of Merit of South America, by CONMEBOL: 1984[226]
Awarded with the Order of Champions, by the Organization of Catholic Youth in the USA: 1978[226]
He was awarded the National Order of Merit, by the government of Brazil: 1991[226]
Olympic Order, by the International Olympic Committee: 2016[230]
Records
Most goals for Brazil national football team: 77 (95 including unofficial friendlies)[231]
Most goals for Santos: 643 (in 659 competitive games)[3]
Most goals in the Intercontinental Cup: 7[232]
Most hat-tricks in world football: 92[233]
Most career goals in world football (including friendlies): 1,283 (in 1,363 games)[234]
Most FIFA World Cup winners' medals: 3 (1958, 1962, 1970)[234][235]
Youngest winner of a FIFA World Cup: aged 17 years and 249 days (1958)[236]
Youngest goalscorer in a FIFA World Cup: aged 17 years and 239 days (for Brazil vs Wales, 1958)[63][237]
Youngest player to score a hat-trick in a FIFA World Cup: aged 17 years and 244 days (for Brazil vs France, 1958)[237]
Youngest player to play in a FIFA World Cup Final: aged 17 years and 249 days (1958)[238]
Youngest goalscorer in a FIFA World Cup Final: aged 17 years and 249 days (for Brazil vs Sweden, 1958)[238]
Most assists provided in FIFA World Cup history: 10 (1958–1970)[239]
Most assists provided in a single FIFA World Cup tournament: 6 (1970)[240]
Most assists provided in FIFA World Cup Final matches: 3 (1 in 1958 and 2 in 1970)[240]
Most goals in FIFA World Cup Final matches: 3 (2 in 1958 and 1 in 1970) (shared with Vavá, Geoff Hurst and Zinedine Zidane)[241]
Most goals in a calendar year (recognised by FIFA): 127 (1959)[240]