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This is the penetrating effect of a torpedo warhead on steel.  The first plate is about the thickness of a submarine. 

Photo credit: Naval Group

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Raven Coldheart

I am guessing, that the reduction in effect isn't negligible in larger depths, that then necessitates the large damage potential we see here. Also you don't just want to puncture a hole in an enemy Submarine, but achieve at least a mission kill.

pin_die

Double hulls, ballast tanks, sonar, etc. It makes sense if I think about it.

Ben Baselet

The spall damage on that second plate looks like something I would not want on my face or other sensitive equipment.

Robert

What model of torpedo was it?

Alan Massey

MU90 seems to be their current lightweight torpedo. That doesn't guarentee that it was the model that did the damage from the photo of course.

Whitzwolf

Russian subs be like "only a flesh wound comrade, lets move to the starboard side pressure hull and operate the sub from there"

John Holcroft

The first plate? I do wish that they had put some reference scale in the photo. The first plate might be from a late WWII sub. The Virginia Class has a hull thickness of 3", And it is of HY100 .. 100K psi Yield strength. And yeah, being an ex-combat engineer .. sure does look like a shape charge. For sure, an interesting display. Hope your move is going well Aaron.

Andrew MacDougall

3"? I seriously doubt that. That would weigh way too much over the entire surface area of a sub.

Malakhit

Looks oddly similar to the effect of an APFSDS round against a tank armour, I'd have expected it to be more of a buckling/cracking effect. Very interesting!

Andrew MacDougall

it's a shaped charge to overcome the light warhead.

Aaron Amick

The 688 and 726 classes had less than inch of HY80, HY100. Don't know the thickness of the Virginia, but I doubt it's 3 inches. That's THICCC.

Seahour

I knew it! Ever since I was like 10 yrs old and learned what shaped charges were I thought about torpedoes carrying them! I've always had a sneaking suspicion that I definitely wasn't the only one whom had thought of it!

Benjamin A Rudnick

US started using shaped charges on the Mark 50 Barracuda torpedo in service in 1981. It was in response to double hulled Soviet subs, titanium built or not. Meant to incapacitate and render them ineffective by punching holes in them, since the warhead on a small torpedo is too small to kill them.